Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 15

Research Paper Example This sense of comfort enhances the learning and cooperation of the children. Young children should be handling with care to ensure that they are not nervous in the class. To do this, the classrooms are painted and colored to make attractive to children. The classroom should also be neat and organized. A neat environment ensures that learning materials are place in their expected areas and hence accessible to the children. This also ensures that the children are safe and secure and can’t hurt them (p.2). There are various factors that affect the way children learn in the classroom environment. They include the child’s, family, community peer and how they relate with factors like social, emotional, cultural and intellectual factors. According to de Serf (2002), the family can affect the way children learn in classroom. a child whose parents are financially independent is very likely to have a good classroom experience as opposed to those whose parents don’t have the financial resources. This is because such parents can afford to buy books and reading materials to the young leaner. Consequently such a child will perform better because they have more resources at their disposal (p.2). Secondly, parents who spend more time with their children knows what is happening in their children’s life and will also e interested in knowing how they are performing in school. Consequently children whose parents spend quality time with them will tend to perform better in class since the parents provide the mentorship role to their children as opposed to the parents who don’t spend quality time with their children (De Serf, 2002, p.3). De Serf (2002), goes on to say that children who come from a family headed by a single mother and those which both parents are biological parents of the child are more likely to perform better than those which have step parents. This is because both parents provide stability to the child’s life.

ExxonMobil Case Essay Example for Free

ExxonMobil Case Essay 1. Provide a brief description of the industry. â€Å" ExxonMobil has evolved over the last 125 years from a regional marketer of kerosene in the U.S. to the world’s largest publicly traded international oil and gas company.† Providing energy helps stabilize economies and improve living standards worldwide. Today, ExxonMobil operates in most of the world’s countries and is best known by familiar brand names: Exxon, Esso and Mobil. ExxonMobil creates products that compel modern transportation, power cities, lubricate industries and provide petrochemical building blocks that contribute many consumer goods. ExxonMobil is an extremely large industry providing 9.2 million jobs, and 5.3% of the U.S. employment. The labor income is $533.5 billion, and 6.0% of U.S. labor income. ExxonMobil operates in 77 countries worldwide, and employs 82,100 employees (Exxon Mobil Corporations, 2003-2012). 2. Outline a recruiting and selection strategy for your selected MNE that could be used to effectively meet organizational requirements for operating in multiple countries. The HRM staffing selection by ExxonMobil appears to be geocentric. A strategy that is valuable for the success of the organization because it enables the development of a global perspective. In addition, this tactic has generated an internal pool of labor. The organization has many successful years of working with governments and partners to deliver on their pledge of performance. ExxonMobil focuses on integrating local knowledge and experience of its partners with global capabilities to deliver outstanding results and benefits. ExxonMobil has a proven record of job creation, outstanding training and career development for national staff, support for local industry and community investment. ExxonMobil brings the advantage of established business management and support systems and experienced support staff to all i ts partnerships. The company is organized along functional lines, with each global company specializing in a particular sector of the oil, gas, and chemical businesses. The organizational structure is designed to encourage the employment of people with diverse skills quickly and effectively worldwide. In the selection of an expatriate, IHRM should consider cross-cultural suitability, family requirements, technical ability, and language to be primary factors. ExxonMobil takes pride in being an equal employment opportunity. Multinationals must resolve any issues of equal employment in all its locations. The various laws must be considered, and therefore ExxonMobil has established â€Å"The Standards of Business Conduct†. â€Å"It is the policy of Exxon Mobil Corporation to provide equal employment opportunity in conformance with all applicable laws and regulations to individuals who are qualified to perform job requirements regardless of their race, color, sex, religion, national origin, citize nship status, age, genetic information, physical or mental disability, veteran or other legally protected status. The corporation administers its personnel policies, programs, and practices in nondiscriminatory manner in all aspects of the employment relationship, including recruitment, hiring, work assignment, promotion, transfer, termination, wage and salary administration, and selection for training. Managers and supervisors are responsible for implementing and administering this policy, for maintaining a work environment free from unlawful discrimination, and for promptly identifying and resolving any problem area regarding equal employment opportunity.† In addition the company incorporates other special policies that include: develop and support educational programs, and policies that facilitate employment of minorities and women. Arrangements that help meet the needs of the diverse work force and balance work and family obligations. The company encourages training and development efforts, practices, and programs that support diversity in the work force that represent minorities and women. A work force is promoted free of sexual, racial, and other harassment. Accommodations for the disabled and the management responsibility in all matters are emphasized at every level or the organization. It appears ExxonMobil has adopted a formal open typology. This process would promote the continued success of the organization with: clearly defined criteria and measures, training, open advertising for vacancies, and panel discussions (Exxon Mobil Corporations, 2003-2012). 3. Outline a training and development strategy for your selected MNE that could be used to effectively meet organizational requirements for operating in multiple countries. In order for an established organization like ExxonMobil to train and develop a qualified staff, HR management must play a critical role. Special universities should be development for Exx onMobil like McDonald’s and Motorola with in-house training facilities. This allows for the important training and development. ExxonMobil already focuses on cultural awareness and technical ability. As HRM this training would be intensified. International teams would be developed in an effort to encourage innovation and transfer knowledge. In addition, teams may breakdown functional and national boundaries, enhance communication, develop a global perspective, and develop shared values (Peter J. Dowling, 2010). 4.Outline a compensation strategy for your selected MNE that could be used to effectively meet organizational requirements for operating in multiple countries. IHRM should recognize the correlation of compensation and performance. IHRM must ensure that the compensation policy is consistent with the overall company’s policies. Compensation must also be competitive and provide excellent incentives. IHRM compensation strategy would include: above average salaries, competitive benefits, opportunity for financial advancement, opportunity for career advancement, provide assistance for any adjustment issues such as: housing, family, education, daycare, and repatriation. The Balance Sheet approach would compensate expatriates. This approach helps the employee maintain the living standards they are accustomed to, in addition, to providing the associate with a financial inducement. The balance sheet approach allows for personal goods (food, personal care, clothing, furniture, transportation, and health care), housing, income taxes, and reserves (which include savings, benefit payments, contributions to pensions, education expenses, investments, etc. Balance sheet approach offers several advantages that include: equity facilitates re-entry, and it is easy to communicate (Peter J. Dowling, 2010) .

Genetic Engineering :: Genetic Engineering Essays

At the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, Dr. Keith Campbell, director of embryology at PPL therapeutics in Roslin, and his colleague Dr. Ian Wilmut worked together on a project to clone a sheep, Dolly, from adult cells. On February 22, 1997, they finally succeeded. Dolly was the only lamb born from 277 fusions of oocytes with udder cells. Wilmut says there were so many failures because it is difficult to ensure that the empty oocytes and the donor cell are at the same stage of the cell division cycle.To clone Dolly, basically scientists took an unfertilized egg cell, removed the nucleus, replaced it with cells taken from the organism to be cloned, put it into an empty egg cell which begins to develop as an embryo, and implanted this embryo into a mother, from which the clone was born.The fact that only 1 out of 277 attempts succeeded is a little scary when applied to human beings. If an attempt to clone a human led to that high of a death toll, then there would not be many supporters. According to Rifkin, in an extensive survey of all 106 clinical trials of experimental gene therapies conducted over the past five years involving more than 597 patients, a panel of experts convened by the NIG reported that "Clinical efficacy has not been definitively demonstrated at this time in any gene therapy protocol, despite anecdotal claims of successful therapy." (545). These results are also happening with people who are trying to get gene therapy. With these facts on the table, it would not be ideal to try to clone humans if cloning an animal took several hundred attempts and human gene therapy has had hundreds of failures as well.Humans are going way beyond their limits in the field of biotechnology in the world today. Until recently, these ideas were unheard of. Now with new technology, scientists are capable of changing an organism's genetic make-up. We are very eager to learn new things, however, this eagerness gets in the way of common sense all too often. As stated in Starr and Taggart's article, "we do not have the wisdom to bring about beneficial changes without causing great harm to ourselves or to the environment." (514). However, the naà ¯ve public may want to jump right into things, and scientists will not disagree.Scientists are messing with things that they should not be messing with.

Split Identity and Change in F. Scott Fitzgeralds Babylon Revisited :: Babylon Revisited Essays

Split Identity and Change in F. Scott Fitzgerald's Babylon Revisited In F. Scott Fitzgerald's "Babylon Revisited," there are several major themes that are prevalent throughout the story. One of these themes is that of split identity the other is the sense of solidity and change. Both of these themes are something most readers can identify with. Fitzgerald also makes the reader sympathize with the protagonist Charlie Wales. Throughout the story the reader must decide whether Charlie is reformed or whether he is indeed "the old Wales" (10). Some readers may empathize with Charlie, as I did the first time I read "Babylon Revisited." Although, after I reread the piece I began to feel differently about "poor" Charlie, and came to the realization that he may not be what he appears to be at all. The protagonist Charlie Wales is on the brink of rectifying his life. The first time I read this short story I had great pity for poor, poor Charlie Wales. On the surface it looks as though Charlie continues to be the brunt of bad luck. He looks like a man trying to resolve his past who just so happens to hit some complications. On this level I empathize with Charlie, but, after examining the story a bit further I began to question my previous thoughts. I questioned whether Charlie was consciously or possibly subconsciously sabotaging his opportunity to get his daughter, Honoria back before she is tainted for life. It is evident that Wales is not merely a man with very bad luck, but, in fact creating his own luck. The first time this is apparent is in the beginning of the story when Charlie left Lincoln and Marion Peter's address for Duncan, an old party buddy (6). If Charlie really wanted to turn his life around, he would not have taken such an action. The reason why he does is simp le; Wales is a creature of habit. It is obvious that Charlie has not reformed because he is still torn between his previous life and his present one. One of the major themes that tie in with this is that of Charlie's split identity. There are many times in the story where the reader can see that Charlie is having a hard time staying away from his past. This is evident from the first paragraph where Charlie begins to ask about all of his old party friends (6).

Science, Health, and Medicine

Science, Health/Medicine The 1980s was a huge breakthrough for science and medicine. A lot of drugs were invented and medical procedures were carried out for the first time. Some of the medicinal inventions were: * 1980, the hepatitis-B vaccine. * 1982, human growth hormone genetically engineered. * 1983, Soft bifocal contact lens invented. * 1986, Synthetic skin invented by G. Gregory Gallico, III. * 1987, the introduction of Prozac; it transformed the treatment of depression. * 1989, The RU-486 (abortion pill) invented. In 1982, the first ever artificial human heart, made by Dr.Robert Jarvik, was implanted into Barney Clark; he survived for 112 days. In 1984, in the Loma Linda Medical Center, baby Faye's heart is explanted and replaced with a baboon heart. She survived for 3 weeks but died of a kidney infection which could or could have not have been caused by the new heart her body might have been rejecting. Stephanie Fae Beauclair Stephanie Fae Beauclair In 1984, researchers iden tified the virus that caused AIDS as HIV and in 1986, it was recognised that AIDS was transmitted through heterosexual contact as well as homosexual contact. Test tube baby (In vitro fertilisation)In vitro fertilisation is a process where the egg is fertilised by the sperm outside of the body in a test tube and is a procedure that is used for people who aren’t able to have a baby the natural way. Once the egg has been fertilised outside the body, it is transferred into the uterus so that it can have a natural birth like any other baby. Even though the first in vitro baby was born in 1978, the number of IVF babies had risen in the 80s because of huge improvements to the treatment. Australia’s first IVF baby was born in 1980, USA’s in 1981 and in Sweden and France, 1982.

Diversity in the Grocery Store Professor Ramos Blog

Diversity in the Grocery Store It was the evening after my last day of school before winter break began. There I was, standing in line in the checkout at Albertsons with my mom after having tagged along with her to do our family’s weekly grocery shopping. Directly in front of us was a woman, who looked no older than thirty, trying to calm her crying baby along with her other young daughter who looked to be about 5 or 6. Her cart was, noticeably, barely full, or at least compared to ours which was almost overflowing with groceries. As she went to pay, the cashier looked visibly irritated, then tells her that there was an issue with her card. This was when the cashier, instead of privately attempting to flag down a manger, made an announcement over the intercom, something along the lines of, â€Å"I need help in checkout line _, a food stamps card didn’t go through.† This is when the woman looked as if she was beginning to tear up. Her shoulders began to droop as her demeanor suddenly changed fr om friendly to extremely uneasy. After an uncomfortably long amount of time, a manager finally made his way down to fix the problem and luckily had everything up and working again in under a minute. Everything went smoothly after that, however, the woman did still look like she was holding back tears. She quickly left, looking almost ashamed, as soon as it was our turn to check out. Being only eight years old at the time, I didn’t quite know what the issue was, but I felt absolutely horrible for her. After both my mom and I made it back to the car and loaded up all of the groceries in the trunk, she started the car and we began to make our way back home. Being a bit curious, I asked her for a bit more information on everything that had just went down inside the store. She then explained that when some people can’t afford to buy food, the government will provide it for them. â€Å"When some people don’t need that kind of help, they don’t really underst and what those who are struggling with that are going through. They don’t think it’s fair to everyone else and will treat other people who do have to rely on extra help from the government for food badly.†      I sat and thought about that for awhile. It seemed extremely unfair. Those who are struggling enough with money to need the government to step in don’t need the extra stress of having to deal with people who are not willing to even try to understand their situation. This was one of my more memorable experiences with diversity during my childhood. At that point, having lived most of my life in a predominately middle-income neighborhood, I had always been surrounded by people of the middle to upper-middle class. My family was always a bit less well-off than the families we were surrounded by, but we never truly knew what it was like to struggle, or at least financially. This was what I knew as normal, so as a result, that specific instance was one of my first (memorable) exposures I had to prejudice towards people of lower incomes. Although I now knew that this problem existed, I still did not know how much of a problem it really was- as well as how close to home of a problem it really was. This would not be the last time I would have to witness someone being treated so badly just because they could not afford to buy the basic necessities for themselves and their families to live. One Sunday when I was thirteen years old, I was at my grandparents’ house for a family gathering, just like we had every single other Sunday. I was sitting in the living room with all of the adults since none of my cousins who were my age had arrived yet. The conversation then turned to my aunt, who had just started a new job as a receptionist at a local gym. â€Å"I’m so glad you were able to find something stable. Does this mean you won’t need help from the government for much longer?† my grandma asked, then immediately bit her tongue, forgetting for just a second the kind of company we had at the time. My aunt looked a bit embarrassed but she answered, â€Å"Yep, that’s the plan†. This is when one of my uncles, with a smug smile on his face, decided to pipe up, â€Å"Welfare huh? Well how long have you been on that?†. Partly ignoring the question she attempted to correct him, â€Å"Well I mean it isn’t quite welfare, but I have been on the food stamps program.†. Brushing her off, he then says, â€Å"Same thing. Government handouts are government handouts† and just goes silent again. My aunt, who seemed understandably, very uncomfortable with the whole situation, didn’t take much longer to leave after that. For the rest of the night I sat there feeling angry about what I had just seen happen. This was when I began to remember an instance very similar to the exchange I’d witnessed. I recalled the instance I’d seen happen five years earlier with the woman in the grocery store, and imagined my aunt, who I love and care about, in the same exact position. It absolutely broke my heart to think about her being treated that way, and the fact that it was likely that she has been.   Ã‚  Many people will choose to confront diversity simply with hatred, especially when they are not quite able to relate to those who are different than them, whether that is in race, culture, gender, religion, or as my experiences have shown, in socioeconomic status. The two experiences I had regarding this have pushed me to be a more understanding and tolerant person, especially with what I had seen my aunt go through behind the scenes. Not only that, but over the past few years I’ve had to watch as close friends have had to go through financial struggles as well and from what I’ve seen, there is so much more to it than what is on the surface. The anxiety and stress of not knowing whether or not you will be able to eat can be crippling. Overall, what I took from this, is that life does not treat everyone the same, and despite this, everyone deserves to be treated with kindness and respect- no matter their circumstances.

Isaiah Berlin essays

Isaiah Berlin essays Isaiah Berlin became one of our centurys most important political theorists for liberty and liberalism in an age of totalitarianism. He was born in Riga, Latvia in 1909 into a well to do Jewish family. At the age of 12 he moved to Petrograd and experienced first hand the Bolshevik revolution, which would later influence his intellectual ideas about totalitarianism (Gray 3). In 1921 his family moved to London and sent Isaiah to school. His schooling lead him to Oxford where he took a position as philosophy professor in 1931. His English schooling led him to become a disciple of classical liberalism in the English tradition of Mill, Locke, and others (Berger). During World War II the British put him to work in their Foreign Service department where he became a favorite advisor of Churchill (Honderich 92). After the war his major political theory was developed as he moved into political philosophy and history as his areas of emphasis. His most famous and important works, a le cture, Two Concepts on Liberty, and an essay, The Hedgehog and the Fox where produced in the 1950s. Knighted in 1957 and he became the first Jewish fellow at Oxfords All Souls College and chair of social and political theory at Oxford. After that he later became president of the newly created Wolfson College and then President of the British Academy (Honderich 92). After his death in 1997 historian Arthur Schlesinger stated that he is one of the finest liberal thinkers and political theorists of the twentieth century (Schlesinger 1). Isaiah Berlin is unique among intellectuals in the fact the he didnt produce a magnum opus during his life. He stated, that he had no desire to sit in front of a desk with a blank piece of paper, and didnt care about it influencing his academic legacy (Berger). Most of his works came in the form of essays and lectures, as his two most famous are...

Family Life Education Essays

Family Life Education Essays Family Life Education Paper Family Life Education Paper Part I: What is family life education? Include in your answer a discussion of the following concepts: a. A definition of family. b. The purpose of family life education. c. Its intended benefits, its intended audience(s). d. The appropriate content or units within a family life education curriculum (including the contexts for family life education). e. Appropriate levels of educator/participant involvement. f. And ethical considerations. A Definition of Family: There are several different definitions of what family life education (FLE) is, dating back to 1962. Many may say the definitions that have been given are too broad and too vague, therefore, family life educators have moved beyond trying to develop a concise definition and have decided to discuss the aims and concepts that comprise family life education (Family Life Education, p. 4). After extensive research, Thomas and Arcus concluded that family life education deals with families and individuals across the life span, it is based on the needs of families and individuals on an individual basis, it is a multidisciplinary study in a multi- professional practice, and is offered in many different settings. It is also takes an educational approach rather than a therapeutic approach and presents and respects the differences in family values. Lastly, it requires family life educators to be qualified and cognizant of the goals of family life education (Family Life Education, p. 6) The purpose of family life education: In order for a family life educator to successfully develop the appropriate goals and objectives for his/her group, he/she must understand the purpose of family life education. : He/she must know what it is they expect to accomplish and why (Family Life Education, p. 43). The purpose of FLE is to strengthen and enrich an individual’s and a family’s wellbeing (Thomas and Arcus 1992). Family life education programs are intended to be preventative measure, which equips individuals with the necessary resources needed to fulfill their family roles rather than repairing dysfunction within families. Some of the major objectives of family life education include, but are not limited to: 1. gaining insight into ones self and others; . acquiring knowledge about human development and behavior in the family setting over the life course; 3. understanding marital and family patterns and processes; 4. acquiring interpersonal skills for present and future family roles; and 5. Building strengths in individuals and families (Arcus and Thomas 1993). One may assume that if these as well as other objectives are met through family life education, then individuals and families will be better equipped able to handle or prevent problems when they arise. They will also be empowered to live their family lives in ways that are both personally satisfying and socially responsible (family. jrank. org). Intended benefits and audience(s): The intended benefits of family life education are to ensure individuals are educated in their roles and expectations within their family and teach them how to approach and resolve situations that may arise without negative results. The intended audiences for these programs include individuals from all aspect, which include, but are not limited to, age, race, gender, culture, ethnicity, marital status, and economic class. The appropriate content or units within a family life education curriculum: In order for a family life educator to successfully develop and implement programs, he/she must develop and understand his/her philosophy about life. This knowledge and understanding will better equip them to assist others in developing skills needed to live more productive and satisfying lives. When developing curriculum for groups/programs the family life educator must consider how the members function as individuals and as a group. They must consider how ones thoughts/actions will affect others in the group. Understanding how families function as a group helps the educator include all family members in the learning process, making sure everyone has a clear understanding of the purpose of the content. All materials/resources should be based on current research. The family life educator must also take into consideration the individuals attending the programs and make sure content is age appropriate. The content should not ean towards one gender more than the other, positively or negatively and should include information pertinent to different races, ethnic groups, and cultural groups. They should be able to recognize the differences in each individual and family as a whole without regard to their age, sex, race, ethnicity, cultural, and socioeconomic background. The family life educator must also take into consideration the topics they want to include in the sessions and whether they are appropriate or inappropri ate for the setting. They must be able to recognize when inappropriate topics are being discussed and be able to divert the conversation and/or refer them to the appropriate professional that is trained to handle the situation. The example used in the book is sexual or physical abuse. These types of situations may need to be referred to a counselor or to law enforcement, depending on the nature of the situation. They must also make sure that the content discussed is not bias or stereotypical and be familiar with their sources of information, making sure all of their information is up to date/accurate. They should be able to make referrals to the appropriate professionals and research topics when needed (Family Life Education, p. 43) Appropriate levels of educator/participant involvement: As a professional, the educator must be able to recognize and accept his/her own, as well as each individual’s abilities and limitations, which are referred to as the levels of involvement between the educator and the individuals participating in the programs. Educators must cope with some level of personal issues in order to be an effective teacher without moving beyond their level of practice. There are five levels which are described in the Family Involvement Model. Level 1: Minimal Emphasis on Family- focuses more on the institution or organization implementing the programs rather than on the individuals or families involved in the programs. Level 2: Information and Advice- sharing of relevant information and knowledge. At this stage the educator must have good communication skills, being able to initiate discussions, answer questions, know where information came from, and be able to make recommendations (no personal feelings involved). Level 3: Feelings and Support- at this stage the educator must be comfortable with himself and able to communicate personal responses to the group (includes personal experiences). Level 4: Brief Focused Intervention- includes all aspects of levels 1- 3 but includes having to assess situations and developing a plan of action. The text book states that although level 3 is typically the most appropriate level of interaction for educators, they also need to be familiar with this level in order to determine when involvement is or is not appropriate. Educators at this level often work with families who have special needs that may not be able to be adequately addressed in level 3. Level 5: Family Therapy- this level is far beyond the scope of a family life educator but is included in the model as a continuum. Family life educators are not trained to handle these types of situations. Family therapy involves a more in dept discussion of personal and serious issues. Ethical Considerations: All organizations have ethical guidelines that they abide by. Codes of ethics are developed to prevent harm to those participating in programs as well as the educators. There are five principles mentioned that have been based on the teachings of Hippocrates (Brock, 1993, Family Life Education, p. 50). There are: 1. Practice with competence 2. Do not exploit 3. Treat people with respect 4. Protect confidentiality 5. Do not harm When determining whether or not the code of ethics has been violated, the educator must: 1. Identify important relationships 2. Apply the principles 3. Indentify contradictions 4. Apply virtues 5. Consider possible actions 6. Select the appropriate actions. Taking ethical principles into consideration and implementing the process into their programs can help provide family life educators with guidelines to make the right decisions for themselves and the individuals and families who participate in their programs. Part II: What makes for a successful family life education program? Include in your answer a discussion of the following concepts: a. The characteristics of the family life educator, b. Using theory to develop the program, c. The format of the presentation, the needs of the audience, group processes (be sure to include a discussion of how to handle problems), d. Evaluation of programs, and e. Adapting programs for various settings (work, school, religious settings). The Characteristics of the Family Life Educator: Family life educators deal with personal issues, for example, personal values, decision making techniques, communication skills, growth, development, and behavior changes, sexuality, parenting, money management, and so forth. One of their main jobs is to help members of the group analyze, clarify, and determine their own values and value system, therefore, a family life educator must possess skills that allow them to be aware of his/her own attitude and biases as well as those of others. They have to be comfortable discussing others feelings and open to other’s points of view. Next they need to have personal skills and qualities. These skills include intellectual skills, self awareness, emotional stability, maturity, awareness of his/her own personal attitude and cultural values, empathy, effective social skills, confidence in one’s self, flexibility, understanding and appreciation of diversity, verbal and written communication skills, and the ability to relate with others in various age groups, whether it be on an individual basis or in a group setting (Family Life Education, p. 9). They must also develop a personal philosophy. They must consider what they believe and why. They have to ask themselves questions, like, â€Å"What is a family? † and â€Å"Why do we need family life education? † Using Theory to develop the Program: Individuals are unique. If you put three people together and expose them to the same situation, you will have th ree different responses to the situation. In order to understand how an individual or a family evolves over time, it is important that the educator be familiar with several different major theoretical models that are related to families. There are four theories mentioned in the text. There are Family Systems Theory, Human Ecology Theory, Exchange Theory, and Family Developmental Theory. The Family Systems Theory refers to families as a living organism operating within certain boundaries, rules, expectations, and interaction patterns between the members (Family Life Education, p. 60). In other words, they live and react to situations based on what they have been taught. For example, if a child is raised to hate a certain race, when he/she gets older, those â€Å"taught† beliefs will be evident in his/her behavior and attitude towards that race. He/she is likely to teach his/her children to treat that particular race the same way. In this system, whenever there is a change occurs, it does not affect just one person, it affects the group as a whole. The group must then decide whether or not they want to embrace or reject the change. For the most part, the Family Systems Theory function is healthy for families. It provides them with structure. It reinforces and influences positive growth and development of the individuals in the group as well as the family as a group. The Human Ecology theory is based on emphasizing external systems that affect individuals. They include their culture, time, place, gender, and lifestyle. Individuals within families are constantly interacting within their environments. There environments include where they live, social class, job title, health, and family support. When attempting to develop a program the educator must consider this theory. They have to consider factors that may keep the family from attending the meetings. Questions that need to be asked include: 1. Do they have adequate transportation to get to/from meetings? 2. Are all members able to attend? (health, incarceration, etc. ) 3. Are the members cognitively able to participate in the meetings? 4. Are all members willing to attend the meetings for the well- being of the group? The Exchange Theory is based on internal factors that influence an individual, their ability to make decisions and their behavior. The example the book gives is whether or not a relationship between two people will last or not. If willing, individuals area capable of learning new behaviors that will change their way of interacting with others and their way of thinking, but it takes cooperation and the willingness to change from everyone involved, resulting in positive growth within the family. The Family Developmental Theory states that a family grows and changes over time. This growth and change came be from a couple having children, adoption of children, a child marrying, etc. With this theory an educator can facilitate programs based on the different stages a family goes through. For example, newlywed counseling, parenting classes, etc. Implementing classes based on needs usually results in better outcomes and long- term results. Although they are developing these classes for a group, as a family, they must take into consideration that everyone in the group does not possess the dame family developmental pattern. Educators that develop programs based off theory must still develop principles and models for their programs. In order to successfully implement the correct program they must incorporate the following principle: 1. Conduct a needs assessment- determining the specific needs of each individual attending the program. 2. Safety in the environment and the process- establishing rules so that everyone participating is comfortable participating in the program. 3. Sound relationship between the educator and the learner- building trusting relationships so the group members will accept and trust the educator. 4. Careful attention to sequence of content and reinforcement- knowing the limits of your group members to comprehend information making sure not to overwhelm them with information. 5. Focus and praxis- acting on behalf of the members. . Respect for members as subjects of their own learning- taking their life experiences and contributions into consideration. Giving them a sense of worth. 7. Cognition, affective, and psychomotor aspects of learning- incorporating ideas, feelings, and actions into the learning experience. 8. Immediacy of learning- immediately applying what’s been learned. 9. Cl ear roles and role development- knowing and understanding who the teacher is and who the student is and maintaining those roles while keeping open lines of communication. 10. Teamwork- implementing small groups to complete tasks or projects. 11. Engagement of the learners in what they are learning- encouraging active participation from group members. This way the educator is aware of the progress, knowledge, and comprehension of information given by members. 12. Accountability- validating accomplishments by assessing and role play. The format of the presentation, the needs of the audience, group processes: When an educator develops/formats a program, the educator must consider the following: 1. The subject of the group. 2. How much time will be needed to conduct the group? 3. Who will be the members of the group? 4. What content should be included? . What is your goal for the learners of the group? 6. What materials do you need to conduct the group? 7. How will you teach the material in order to ensure comprehension from all members? 8. How will you get feedback/assessments/evaluations? 9. What type of follow- up will you do after the end of the program? The needs of the audience should be another consideration. This will al low the educator to determine what should be the programs priorities and to understand the concerns of the learners, to be able to provide them the resources needed, which will ultimately result in more effective programs. There are three types of needs mentioned in the Family Life Education text. They are felt needs, ascribed needs, and future needs. They all play an intricate role in determining the design of the program and are all assessed differently. The educator must be able to recognize and identify the developmental needs and abilities of the individual audience members and the way they process information. Without this ability, an educator implementing a program that contains good material will still fail to provide the members with information that is useful or even relevant to their specific needs. Felt needs are the needs that the members tell you about. They are personal and based on their experiences as individuals and as a group. When members express their felt needs, it helps the educator get a better understanding of the individuals, what their specific needs and wants are, and it helps them to build personal relationships with them. Ascribed needs are needs that are identified by someone other than the individual group member him/herself. Future needs are needs that are expected when change takes place. The book gives the example of when a child is expecting a new sibling. How will their needs change as a result of the new baby? As a family Life Educator, you will be faced with many different types of groups, and an educator must possess the ability to lead in order to successfully facilitate a group. There are several basic types of groups mentioned. They are Treatment groups, Support groups, Educational groups, Task groups, Residential groups, and Internet groups. Regardless of the type of group, the educator is expected to provide members with activities and experiences that will help members develop their own skills to more effective levels. There also are expected to maintain a balance between presentation of information and the personalizing of the information through group discussions. They should also be able to cope with interpersonal problems that may arise within the groups during discussions. They need to have an understanding of life- cycle development, and have a good understanding of the development theory. In order to successfully facilitate a group, there is a four stage process that needs to be followed. The first stage is forming the group. Next is storming, followed by Norming, and lastly, Performing. Evaluation of Programs: There are three types of evaluations, assessing needs and assets, formative evaluation, and summative evaluation. An evaluation is used to determine the value, quality, or effectiveness of a program and is usually motivated by the needs of the program. According to the text, Littell (1986) considers program evaluation to be â€Å"the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of information designed for use in program planning and decision- making, which is concerned with the types of interventions used, by whom, toward what ends, under what conditions, for whom, at what costs and with what benefits† (Family Life Education, p. 37). Weiss and Jacobs (1988) define evaluations as â€Å"the systematic collection and analysis of program- related data that can be used to understand how a program delivers services and/or what the consequences of its services are for participants. An analysis is both descriptive and judgmental of program merit, with the emphasis on designing and evaluation that fits the program† (Family Life Education, p. 138). The result of an evaluation is to be used as a recommendation has to how to make the programs better and more beneficial to the members participating. There are challenges that go along with conducting evaluations. Some educators may think that if an evaluation produces negative results then it will affect resources and funding for future programs. They may also think that the evaluations will divert attention from the purpose of the program and outcomes will not be successful. Although challenges are present, evaluations are necessary for the programs to be successful. Evaluations provide feedback and give insight from members of the groups what is or is not working and what they think would help the programs be more successful. They are also a means of communicating to individuals or companies that fund your programs the successes of the program and how it is benefiting the members. Adapting Programs for Various Settings: Adapting programs means strengthening existing programs. Although Family life education programs are most effective when they match cognitive development, literacy levels, cultural backgrounds, and the special needs of participants, ddifferent settings may require the educator to facilitate the group in a differently. The planning process has similar phases regardless of the setting or target population. First the educator needs to assess the quality and content of the existing program. Determine how long it takes to facilitate the program and if the content is appropriate for that setting. Next he/she needs to assess the quality of the course with regard to content and skill building. Ask questions like, â€Å"Has the curriculum been evaluated? †, â€Å"Are the materials skills-based? †, and â€Å"Do they include role playing, negotiation, and assertiveness skills? † Next assessing the relevance of the curriculum to the participants is necessary. The educator needs to determine if the materials/curriculum is tailored to meet the specific needs and life experiences of members, if the intensity and duration of the program sufficient for the participants, given their level of risk, and if the existing curriculum meet the developmental needs and reflect the cultural and ethnic background of the participants. Ask if current curricula should be implemented at earlier ages. Can skill building components be added to the already existing family life education program? Can the curriculum be adapted to reflect the cultural background of participants? Does the teacher training program need to be expanded? Is an altogether new curriculum needed? In what ways can the Community meets the information and education needs of its members and reinforces the intended outcome from attending the groups. Lastly, the educator must assess the extent of educator training. They should ask question like, â€Å"Do they receive in-service training? † and â€Å"Has the training been evaluated? † They must be aware of the qualifications necessary for teaching the course and must be comfortable teaching the course materials. It would be effective to survey the educators to assess their satisfaction with current training and to determine what, if any, additional training is needed for them to be able to adequately educate the group members. These steps help the educator identify gaps in the current program and develop a plan to address these gaps, ensuring that the goals of the program are attainable and the members will be able to comprehend information given and are able to successfully apply the information to their way of life (www. dvocatesforyouth. org). Family life education encompasses a multitude of images and expectations that call for a combination of skills and expectations of the educator and of the members of the group. The resources and knowledge gained from teaching as well as attending family life education groups, equips individuals with the ability to perform his/her role in his/her family group/setting, and to handle life situations in a manner that is safe and beneficial to all partie s involved.

Growth of Convention Centers across the Country Essay

Growth of Convention Centers across the Country - Essay Example In the United States of America, convention center is becoming a part and parcel of every day life. The recent mushrooming of convention centers in every nook and corner of the country itself is a proof of its fast development and necessity. In simple terms convention center is a large meeting place where formal business and professional meetings, conferences etc. are arranged. According to Atlantic City Convention Center, convention center is the "Facility designed to accommodate multiple group s or extremely large groups; exhibit halls; meeting rooms, ball rooms or banquet space; no sleeping rooms." (Glossary of Terms. Convention Center, 2007). The logic behind conducting business and other formal meetings in a convention center is that it is common place where people from different parts of the country/world can reach and assemble in a common place which is convenient to all. Originally convention centers were designed for formal business meeting, conferences. In contrast to this, modern convention centers are being used for a number of occasions including social events such as marriages, family get-together and as parking place for tourists. The spurt of tourism development the world over has made a great fillip for convention centers and they have grown in such a way that both are complementary to each other. Convention centers enable the development of tourism industry in a big way by attracting both domestic and international travelers. They have become a vital element in the tourism industry as some customers specify the name of convention centers where they would like to stay and enjoy their leisure time. It is a co mmon fact that MICE industry has no existence without convention center. The letter 'c' in the acronym stands for convention. That itself reflects that convention center enhances the scope of MICE industry and that they are complementary to each other. Another group of beneficiary of convention centers is corporate. Conducting meeting and conferences at convention center has become the order of the day among corporate people not only because of convenience but for prestige issue as well. Corporate have regular meeting, conferences and events like product launching and all these are being happened at some important convention center. Convention centers have emerged as a focal point in an intense competition among cities for a share of the economically important meetings and exhibition market. In a nut shell, convention centers have grown to become a crucial element of social, professional and corporate life. Their contributions to these various segments are priceless and remarkable. Evolution of Convention Centers in United States of America: The American communities have experienced a sudden growth of convention centers and it facilities over the last two decades. The country had 193 convention centers in the year 1986 offering minimum 25,000 square feet of exhibit space. The number rose to 254 and 322 by 1996 and 2006 consecutively. Their exhibition space also rose by 150 percent increase. The amount of investment put up by the state and local government in the year 1993 alone was $23.2 billion. (Sanders, 2007, p.2). The spurt in the development in the sector has made the giants like Chicago's McCormick and Las Vegas to enhance their exhibit space. The government has been financially supportive to pen new centers and

Review of 'State Crime' Literature Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Of 'State Crime' - Literature review Example hat dealing with state crime is inevitable, since there is no state that enjoys immunity from the breaching of human rights and liberties as a way of attaining its goals. Green and Ward (2005, 161) contend that state crime is instrumentally propounded by prevailing structural conditions. To this effect, corruption is factored into this debate as being furthered by two explanatory concepts of patrimonialism and clientelism. Clientelism is seen as referring to an exchange system whereby public officials and patrons accord political favours to their constituents or clients. As such, state-corporate crime, police crime and state-organised crime are the kind of aberrations that may follow clientelism. Green and Ward (2005, 161) also advance the notion that in countries where the government practices clientelism, state violence may surface, but those who are governed readily consent to the system, and thereby making this form of deviance less objectionable. Green and Ward (2005, 161) argue that patrimonialism readily invites the violent forms of state corruption because there are societies that profit through corruption and have thus made corruption their goals. In the instance when the interests of the ruler and the nation become inflated the door is left ajar for all manner and levels of corruption, with war crimes, state terror, torture and genocide being included. Green and Ward (2005, 162) maintain that a state’s predisposition to the use of patrimonialism, corruption or clientelism is underpinned by political and economic factors. Particularly, democratically mature capitalist states may have a predisposition to clientelism, but the heavy presence of civic organisations inhibits the patrimonialism from becoming full-fledged. In another wavelength, these two scholars postulate that proto-states and colonies or former colonies are the worst of predatory states, as far the breaching of human rights and civil liberties is concerned. According to Green and Ward,

Spiral Jetty by Robert Smithson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Spiral Jetty by Robert Smithson - Essay Example The essay "Spiral Jetty by Robert Smithson" discovers Spiral Jetty, the earthwork sculpture by Robert Smithson. The Spiral Jetty was completed in 1970 and is located in Great Salt Lake, Utah. Museums around the world show pictures of the earthworks created by Robert. Robert was killed in a plane crash in 1973 while overseeing one of his artworks by plane. Robert’s use of the earth to create modern art was a form of larger than life expression and a new way to produce works of art. The works by Robert made him an original contributor and opened a gateway for new artist to express themselves. During the 1970’s this was a time of change. People were expressing themselves more than ever and looking to change the world. Robert Smithson appeared to be much appreciative of the earth and each architectural element the earth was able to provide. Robert traveled around the world searching for specific areas where he could produce earth works and create art that would exert the mo st artistic impact. This is shown in a trip made by Robert Smithson and John Lloyd Stevens. During the trip the two traveled to the Yucatan Peninsula on an expedition in what Roberts hoped to find a new place to create art. This was just one of many trips made by Robert. Roberts contributed too many creative contributions that shaped art in the 1970’s. Spiral Jetty which was created in Great Salt Lake, Utah is a great example of the many creative contributions that Robert created. Spiral Jetty took much man power to create. Spiral Jetty is 1500ft long and spirals. The earth work was made possible by the use of dump trucks, a tractor and 6500 tons of earth (Galenson). What made the earth work so creative was not the work out into creating it but the idea that the Spiral Jetty would not be visible at all times. The Great Salt Lake rises and lowers. This rising and lowering meant that the Spiral Jetty would not be visible at all times. When the Spiral Jetty was finally made visi ble, it was a beautiful piece of art made solely out of earth. Symbolism Each piece of art created by Robert Smithson symbolized so much more than the average art. It has been quoted throughout the life of Robert that he thought of a new way of thinking. This new way of thinking symbolized that art was not something that could only be displayed in a museum (White Duncan). Robert proved this by his way of showing that art can come in any size. It was also very symbolic for an artist to display a form of art that was only visible when the water level was appropriate. This clearly symbolized that art is something that should be appreciated as one may not know when it will be visible again. Meaning of the Works There is much meaning felt behind the works of Robert Smithson and creations like the Spiral Jetty. Robert had a mind that wanted to express art in a new way. Although he was not the only artist to explore using earth to create art, the meaning behind his work leaves one to wonde r the meaning. This could be exactly what Robert wanted to create. He may have wanted those in the future to create their own meaning behind what was created. That is the beauty behind art in itself. Each on looker will develop a sense and feeling toward each piece of work. That makes work like the Spiral Jetty so remarkable. This also gives meaning to words that Robert lived by which explained that art is not something that necessarily has to be kept in a museum. Conclusion The artwork made by artist in the late twentieth century opened many doors and enabled future artist to look at art in a different perspective. Earthworks showed how precious and beautiful earth can be. Showing earths beauty was an important part of life for many in the 1970’

The Declaration of Independence and the Major Issue of the US Essay

The Declaration of Independence and the Major Issue of the US - Essay Example The Declaration of Independence no doubt was vital because it united the colonists justified the reasons for liberation, and stated the salutary neglect that was enforced by the King. The scene in 1776 during the meeting of the Continental Congress in Philadelphia was a very crucial one. The colonists have already fought many battles together yet were missing on the aspect of unity(â€Å"Purpose of the Declaration of Independence.†). The Declaration of Independence was vital as it united the colonists since many were reluctant to break away from their birth nation. Many wanted to compromise and mend relations with Great Britain. The Declaration of Independence boosted the unity of the colonists and boldly stated the justification for the separation from a ruthless regime (â€Å"Purpose of the Declaration of Independence.†). The new birth of a nation, independent from the British rule, was faced with a new set of challenges. Undoubtedly, the birth of the new nation has no central government to replace the traditional statutory legislation of the British Parliament. Hence, issues such as commerce, trade, national security became vital issues. The members of the second had to take the obligation in the absence of a national government. The Articles of Confederation was a document that was supposed to define the separation of powers in both the federal and state level. Since the Article of Confederation was adopted in March 1781, the government of the United States continued to enforce its federal powers.

Appreciative Inquiry of David Cooperrider Essay - 2

Appreciative Inquiry of David Cooperrider - Essay Example The questions asked are affirmative in nature and it focuses on the topic valuable to the people who are involved and directed at topics and issues for the success of the organization. This inquiry identifies â€Å"the area† where the organization needs to change. The change can be of different types which are as follows:   When an organization has to adapt to external factors, it may go through a major strategic change. Strategic organizational changes are usually quite transformative in nature as they include major adjustments and complete upheavals of the present way the organization operates.   People changes can be of large-scale or incremental. Large-scale people changes include replacement of the top executives with new employees in order to change the entire organization’s culture. Smaller-scale or incremental people changes include sending of management workers to team-building workshops and classes. These changes can be planned or unplanned, which may impact the employee’s attitudes towards work, behaviors of the individual and their performances.   Process changes define to be an attempt to improve the overall workflow efficiency and productivity of the organization. Organizations implementing these types of changes are highly successful when the new innovative process is applied to employee groups and the outcome of the new process work (Sharma, 2008).   In Silkeborg Council (Denmark) the problem in every department was absenteeism. The average number of working days that are lost over the first six months of 2001 was 9.25. One of the departments in which absenteeism was very high was the elderly care department. At this stage, the employees and the employers are inquired about the reason for absenteeism and then they are informed about the type of change which should be undertaken by them.   

The Declaration of Independence and the Major Issue of the US Essay

The Declaration of Independence and the Major Issue of the US - Essay Example The Declaration of Independence no doubt was vital because it united the colonists justified the reasons for liberation, and stated the salutary neglect that was enforced by the King. The scene in 1776 during the meeting of the Continental Congress in Philadelphia was a very crucial one. The colonists have already fought many battles together yet were missing on the aspect of unity(â€Å"Purpose of the Declaration of Independence.†). The Declaration of Independence was vital as it united the colonists since many were reluctant to break away from their birth nation. Many wanted to compromise and mend relations with Great Britain. The Declaration of Independence boosted the unity of the colonists and boldly stated the justification for the separation from a ruthless regime (â€Å"Purpose of the Declaration of Independence.†). The new birth of a nation, independent from the British rule, was faced with a new set of challenges. Undoubtedly, the birth of the new nation has no central government to replace the traditional statutory legislation of the British Parliament. Hence, issues such as commerce, trade, national security became vital issues. The members of the second had to take the obligation in the absence of a national government. The Articles of Confederation was a document that was supposed to define the separation of powers in both the federal and state level. Since the Article of Confederation was adopted in March 1781, the government of the United States continued to enforce its federal powers.

Business Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Report - Essay Example Every organisation undertakes Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities to serve the society it is working in. Barclays undertakes various CSR activities to educate the public about the different investment plans and also make them aware about the rules and regulations of the London Stock Exchange. Ethics of an organisation is defined as the general rules and regulations that are followed for the good conduct of the business. Barclay has its own well built ethics which make them different from the other organisations (Wetherly and Otter, 2008). The stakeholders play an important role in the organisation and it can be said that they are the one who are affected by the performance of the organisation. The stakeholders of Barclay are the employees and the investors who are investing in the organisation on the hope of getting good returns. The report also elaborates the current issues that are faced by Barclays which have led them into trouble. Development Barclays Plc is the Brit ish multinational financial provider which is headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It has its operation in retail, investment banking, wholesale, mortgage lending, credit cards and wealth management. The performance of the organisation is elaborated under the different heading which is given below. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of FTSE 100 Index. It also has a secondary listing on the New York Stock Exchange. Business Environment Business does not exist in isolation it must operate in a complex and turbulent environment. Figure 1: Firm in its environment (Source: Worthington and Britton, 2009) The above figure shows that how the environmental factors are influencing the business organisation. The outputs of the organisation can get affected by the external environmental factors such as the political and the technological (Worthington and Britton, 2009). The business environment can further be divided into general environment and the contextual en vironment as given in the figure below. Figure 2 : Business Environment (Source: Worthington and Britton, 2009) The overall performance of Barclay was affected by the economic turmoil that took place in 2011. Though the capital and the liquidity position of the organisation are quite stable in 2011 the economic disturbances are felt in the organisation. In 2011, there was a revision in the forecast of the global GDP. This had a negative impact on Barclays as the customers were conservative and these made it difficult for the bank to raise the funds. This added a liquidity pressure on Barclays in 2012 (Foster, 2008). The changing rules and regulations by the government made it difficult for the organisation to raise funds from the customers as they did not want to take the risk of losing money. Changing nature of the business environment The business environment is changing every day whether it is political or economic or technological. The business concept is becoming more complex a nd difficult for the organisations (Lucas, 2000). Figure 3: Changing business environment From the above figure it can be said that from simple and safe business environment that the business used to face no longer existed and presently the organisations was confronting volatile business environ

Searching for Something and Obtaining Nothing Essay Example for Free

Searching for Something and Obtaining Nothing Essay In â€Å"Seeking†, Emily Yoffe shares with us her thoughts of what she believes is taking over our original basic desires and being replaced with an obsession for a constant need to gather or receive information with disregard to everything else. I can relate to what she is stating because I see it happening everyday around me; people walking around with their faces looking down into their smart phones. Almost everyone I come in contact with has a laptop, Ipad or tablet carrying around with them. You see them in the parks, malls, bookstore tech-ed out and they are all searching forever searching forever seeking and waiting for the next text, the Yahoo you got mail or that Tweet alerting them that someone cared enough or too little by sending them a message by such an impersonal means of communication. Yoffe speaks about a friend who has an insatiable need to view random facts about famous people when dining out with her boyfriend. So caught up is Nina that she ignores her boyfriend who is sitting right across the table from her. This is what Yoffe means when she states, â€Å"chasing after flickering bits of information.† By analyzing her article, I hope to further persuade techno junkies of the negative effects that Yoffe seems to imply but not directly stating it. Yoffe uses creditable sources to give us reasons on why we should put the machines down. The book titled, Animals in Translation, by Temple Grandin, Yoffe talks of two cats who were being driven crazy from chasing a laser pointer even though they could never catch it. Think of Kim Kardashian who is always driven to read each blog, on-line trash mag, like TMZ to see what is being posted about her. If you have ever watched Keeping up with the Kardashians you see her literally tearing herself apart searching for this information and crying because of the hurtful things people have said about her. That to me is form of torture for Kim Kardashian , but at the same time it’s fueling a physical need of hers, that has her searching for information of herself. Thus providing some sort of feel good moment that though what she is reading might be awful, she makes her feel adored by the public. If it was you, would you sit all day or part of the day looking for negative information of yourself? Yoffe this point is using logical reasons that could be used to get a techno junkie up off their butts to actually pursue real live activities. The research information by noted neuroscientist Jaak Panksepp who has spent years researching and mapping people’s brains and proving that like real physical items that we obtain, the act of seeking and finding gives euphoria by releasing a chemical substance called dopamine. Yoffe also points out that this feels so good we constantly are doing things to reach this state to make us feel good; to me that sound like a person who uses drugs to keep getting a high or a fix. All things which are not healthy for you when overindulging. Even before reading this article I was already aware of the dangers or risk to my health and how addictive this has become. I enjoy modern conveniences as much as the next person. I enjoy being able to sit at home and do my banking and ooVoo with my children who live in Connecticut. I remember when this was part of a sci-fi movie, camera phones. I have learnt from YouTube how to expertly apply my makeup and even gotten better advice on how to take care of my hair! However, I began to notice a few years that cell phones used to be a luxury item, has now become standard issue and almost an extension of our body. People have such a hard time putting down their cells no matter where they maybe. I see them in church while the pastor is preaching, they are texting or on Facebook. Is it really that serious, can it not wait until after service? I can remember being upstairs in my bedroom and texting my children to bring me a cup of water. Back in the day I would have gotten up and got it myself or called out to them. I’m not saying the modern technology is bad; it has its good points. For instance, when I had a car accident I was able to immediately call for help and get it sooner than having to hope and pray someone would call when they reached the nearest phone. It allows me to be able to work from home, like when I first moved to Kentucky and the company I was working for contracted my services for a few months until they could hire a replacement. I don’t think Yoffe is trying to scare you off of technology, just advise you that we are moving from a culture that once were out in the world searching for new and exciting things we could touch and feel to sitting at home and searching for stuff we can’t feel. So put down the devices and get out and smell the roses. References Yoffe, E. (2011). Seeking, In X. J. Kennedy, D.M. Kennedy M.F. Muth (Eds.) The Bedford guide For college writers (9th ed.) (pp. 599-601). Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s

Carlsberg International Strategy And Prospective Partners Commerce Essay

Carlsberg International Strategy And Prospective Partners Commerce Essay Beer is one of the worlds most consumed alcoholic drinks. Nelson (2005) stated that it is the most popular drink after water and tea. There are lots of brewing companies though emphasis will be made on Carlsberg in this instance. The Carlsberg Group is the worlds fourth largest brewery group. The Group is distinguished by a high degree of variety of brands, markets and cultures. Its activities are centred on markets where the Group has the strength and the right products to secure a leading position. Due to the variation of the markets, the contribution to growth, earnings and development within the Group differs, both at present and in the longer-term projections (Carlsberg, 2012). In countries where Carlsberg has no breweries, the Group sells its products through exports and licensing agreements. It aims to establish and develop strong market positions for their international premium brands through dynamic partnerships with licensing, export and duty-free partners around the world. The Carlsberg beer portfolio includes more than 500 brands. They differ significantly in volume, price, target audience and geographic penetration. (Carlsberg, 2012). Carlsberg International Strategy and Prospective Partners The company operates using an international strategy which implies that it takes the beer first produced for its domestic market and sells them internationally with only low local customization. This highlights that the beer it sells meets a worldwide need and at such do not face substantial competitors which implies that it is not confronted with pressures to cut down its cost structure. It tends to centralize the beer development functions such as research and development in its home country and establish manufacturing and marketing functions in each country it operates. Carlsberg chose an international strategy for the following reasons: To increase sales and profit growth by entering new markets and also selling in existing markets (Hill, 2009). This is achieved because it exports its products to destinations like South America where it has no breweries and in some cases through licensing agreements like it did with Charrington and Tetley in Britain by giving them right to brew and bottle Carlsberg beer and in return get a royalty fee. It also formed joint ventures with Scottish Newcastle and a brewery in Honk Kong which it now fully owns. The Group also formed mergers with Danish rival, Ruborg and Orkla of Norway which it later owned fully. From the case study, it is very obvious that they go into these markets at a slow but cautious pace by using the services of the partners and this is to avoid information costs and risk and some other uncertainties such as trade barriers associated with foreign involvement. It also gets to learn about the foreign market in cases where it formed joint ventures and mergers and la ter take full control of the company. Another reason is to protect Carlsbergs home market share because operating in foreign countries takes away business from its competitors by offering customers other choices and it lets the competitors know that they would face the same response if they attack the home market (Rugman Collinson, 2009). Furthermore, it is a tactics that Carlsberg could use to diversify themselves against the risk and uncertainties of the domestic business cycle (Rugman Collinson, 2009). This implies that by operating in other countries it can often reduce the negative consequences of economic swing such as recession in its home country. Despite Carlsberg seemingly predatory instinct for 100% control and ownership, prospective partners engage with Carlsberg because of the following reasons: They will benefit from its intangible properties (Hill, 2009), like in the case of licensing where the licensee has the right to Carlsbergs intellectual properties such as patents, processes and trademarks. This also applies to joint ventures as the partner gets to know about its processes as well. They would be able to offer their clients a wider range of products and services (Mcpheat, 2010). For example in licensing where Carlsberg gives them rights to its intellectual properties, the partners tend to take advantage of more market opportunities (newly identified demand) as they will not only sell their own products but also that of Carlsberg, which means that their customers have variety of products to choose from. They might also have an opportunity to get endorsed into Carlsbergs advertisements (Mcpheat, 2010). That is Carlsberg might support their products in its advertisement in cases where it forms a merger or joint venture with partners. They share fixed costs and financial risks with Carlsberg which implies that they can succeed in dealing with failure to meet a certain standard or lack of resources (such as land, labour or capital). An example of an instance where this occurs is in joint ventures. Cooperating with Carlsberg creates room for pooling ideas and generates more creative solutions to problems (National Association of Conservation Districts, 1994). This is applicable when partners form joint ventures and mergers with Carlsberg. Thus, customers will be happier as their problems would be solved at a faster thereby improving customer service experience (Mcpheat, 2010). Potential acquisitions targets and strategic responses to acquisition bids According to the case study, Carlsberg has a global share by volume of 7.5% making it the fourth largest brewing corporation after AB Inbev and its market capitalization was over 80 billion Danish Kroner (Dkk). Its sales in 2009 were 59.4 billion (Dkk) on which it achieved 15.8% operating profit margin. This makes it a potential future acquisition target for other brewing groups such as AB Inbev for the following reasons: The larger brewing group would want to increase their companys portion of sales within the market in order to increase pricing power (Campbell et al., 2003). If a company doesnt have much pricing power then an increase in their prices would lessen the demand for their products (Investopedia US, 2012). Carlsberg has knowledge and marketing expertise about the local markets in which it owns breweries and so other brewing groups would want to acquire it as entry mode to these markets. Besides it would be a quicker way for them to make their presence known in these markets. Carlsberg is a valuable brand and as such is a target for other bigger groups as they would want gain its intellectual property such as patents, trademarks, production processes, databases that are difficult to re-create, and research development laboratories with a history of successful product development (Bragg, 2012). Its being the fourth largest brewing corporation in the world makes it is a major competitor in the brewing industry and in order to reduce competition a brewing group such as AB Inbev may want to purchase it. Furthermore, it is difficult to get costumers to change brands because customers are fiercely loyal to local brands and the only way of tapping into these markets is by purchasing the brewery (Rugman Collinson, 2009). For example in countries where Carlsberg markets its products that the larger groups havent entered yet, they could tap into these markets by purchasing the brewery since the customers are familiar to Carlsbergs products. The larger brewing group will want to gain preferential access to Carlsbergs sales and distribution channels. By acquiring it, they can use it to distribute its own products. Some of examples of sales channels they would benefit from are telemarketing or a well-trained-in house sales staff (Bragg, 2012). However, there are some barriers that a brewing group such as AB Inbev might face if they sought to acquire Carlsberg this could be: Clash of culture between both groups in terms of high management turnover which may possibly be as a result of Carlsbergs employees not liking the acquiring groups way of doing things and may decide to leave the company. This can materially harm the performance of the brewery because management talent and expertise will be lost and as such Carlsberg might reject an attempt to be bought (Hill, 2009). Integrating with other companies is difficult as a result of differences in management philosophy and company culture. This tends to slow down the integration of operations. National culture differences could even worsen these problems (Hill, 2009). For example language barriers between Carlsberg (owned by a Danish speaking company) and AB Inbev (a Dutch speaking company) may make Carlsberg decide to reject a bid. Also, Carlsberg is a big company as well and might reject an attempt to be bought because it doesnt want to lose its identity. They could go as far as responding to any acquisition bids by purchasing other breweries as a form of defence. Due to its having good market shares purchasing other breweries will make its shares bigger that it cannot be bought within the brewery industry without anti-trust (this refers to specific laws protecting trade and commerce from unfair business practices (Merriam-Webster, 2012)) thereby making it difficult for companies like AB Inbev to acquire it (Bragg, 2012). Global brand portfolio management and consolidation A global strategy that sustains 500 brands cannot possibly be right because this strategy focuses on increasing profitability and profit growth by reaping the costs reductions that come from economies of scale and learning effects in other to have a low-cost strategy on a global scale. This implies that this type of strategy suits where there are strong pressures for cost reductions and demand for local responsiveness are low. Carlsberg has 500 brands and they customize their product a bit to meet local conditions and this customization involves shorter production runs and the duplication of functions, which tends to raise costs. They wont reap the benefits of economies of scale as there wont be reduction in the unit cost achieved by producing different product in large quantities. Also, they wont be able to save costs that come from learning by doing in terms of producing the same brand over and over again i.e. their labour productivity may not increase over time as it is not easy f or individuals to learn most efficient of performing tasks when a large volume of different products is involved. Hence, production cost will increase due to a decline in labour productivity and management efficiency, which might decrease the firms profitability (Hill, 2009). Carlsberg should rationalise its facilities and focus on far fewer brands because it would be much easier to control and manage fewer brands and also implementing a global strategy would be easier compared to when it has 500 brands. By doing this they would be able to benefit from a bit from economies of scale and learning effects. Furthermore, the cost of advertising so many brands is relatively expensive. The customization of the brands would even make it more expensive if they have different advertisements for different brands in different countries. So they might want to consider focusing on fewer brands because the fewer the brands the lesser the price of advertising. Individual Reflection and Self-Analysis Expectations: I had always wanted to learn more about the world of business and management and as such my expectations for this module prior to beginning was to gain knowledge about business and management in an international context as the key to a successful business is how well the business is managed. This expectation has been met because I have gained the preliminary knowledge on how firms or organisations carry out their operations internationally for example the strategies on how firms enter a foreign market. It has also given me an introductory knowledge on how to identify a good business opportunity, have good plan of action to run and also manage a firm successfully. Challenges: I had some challenges during the module and this was because I studied Electrical/Electronic Engineering in my first degree and knew almost nothing about business. Having to do case studies wasnt something I had done in my previous degree and so I struggled with how to critically analyse and answer the questions that usually follow suit. I wouldnt say I have completely overcome this challenge as there are still some cases where Im still not able to comprehend a case but I know reading ahead of the lectures and paying attention during lectures has helped me to a certain extent. Preparation for Masters: I feel prepared to begin a Masters level programme and this module helped me prepare for it. This is because, I have learnt the basics of international business and management and also how to do extensive researches and structure a report, and my referencing skills have improved as well.

A War With Different Enemies :: essays research papers

A War With Different Enemies   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  War novels previous to All Quiet On The Western Front, tend to romanticize the real conditions of the war, and the troubles faced by the soldiers. However, All Quiet On The Western Front, not only does not romanticize the terrible experiences of World War I, it also provides the reader with accurate and detailed portrayal of the horrors of the War. The author, Erich Maria Remarque does this by emphasizing several themes. The first theme is how the war affects each soldier, the second is the horrors of war, and the third is nationalism. Each of these themes allows the reader to enter deep into the minds of the soldiers who were fighting the war. At the beginning of the novel the author states that:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"This book is to be neither an accusation nor a confession, and least of all an adventure, for death is not an adventure to those who stand face to face with it. It will try simply to tell of a generation of men who, even though they may have escaped shells, were destroyed by the war.† (Remarque 4)Even by this beginning quote it is revealed that the author did not write this book to criticize, or to accuse, but he wrote the book to tell the story â€Å"of a generation of men who, even though they may have escaped shells, were destroyed by the war.† (Remarque 4)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This book in my opinion, accurately portrays how the war affects the lives of soldiers during World War 1. It also shows how each of these young soldiers had no idea what they were getting themselves into when they enlisted in the war. They were all young and they were all naà ¯ve. They were fighting for what they thought was their country. They fought for their families and for their freedom. Later they realized that they did not fight an â€Å"enemy†; they fought against people like them: a person with a family and a person with a life back home. This is evident in chapter four when Paul says: â€Å"At the sound of the first droning of the shells we rush back, in one part of our being, a thousand years.† (Remarque 28) As Paul describes this he paints a good picture of what happened when they first encountered battle, and what happened when they realized what they were really up against. Using

The Vindication of Rights of Women Essay -- Literary Analysis, Mary Wo

In Mary Wollstonecraft’s essay â€Å"A Vindication of the Rights of Women† she constantly compares men and women. Her comparisons range from their physical nature to their intelligence, and even down to the education that each sex receives. Wollstonecraft states, â€Å"In the government of the physical world it is observable that the female in point of strength is, in general, inferior to the male.†(line 1.35-37) to show that women are inferior to men in physicality, and a number of areas throughout the essay, yet through it all she voices her concerns for the rights of women and how well deserved they are. Throughout mankind’s history there has been an obvious bias towards men. Men have always been deemed superior to women, whether it be physical or intellectual. When Wollstonecraft says, â€Å"†¦I presume that rational men will excuse me for endeavoring to persuade them [women] to become more masculine and respectable.†(lines 1.81-83) she tells her fellow women to fight for equality, while flattering the opposite sex. Her statement tells women that in order to get what they want [equality] they must change their ways and habits. Its sort of like–If you can’t beat them, join them. There is just one thing holding women from their full potential–men. Wollstonecraft states, â€Å"†¦men who, considering females rather as women than human creatures, have been more anxious to make them alluring mistresses than affectionate wives and rational mothers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (lines 1.17-19) Regardless of what women do there will always be men who will continue to degrade and discourage rational, intelligent, and free-thinking women. Humans have been around for thousands of years, yet men still degrad... ...†¦the heart should be clean†¦Women ought to endeavor to purify their hearts†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (lines 1.129-132) Wollstonecraft felt that women had to ignore and shed all of the things that men had told them and taught them. Women need to be themselves and not conform to anyone’s regulations. Wollstonecraft wants women to be strong, to defend their honor and innocence, and to learn to think rationally again. She says, â€Å"Weakness [in women] may excite tenderness, and gratify the arrogant pride of man†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (lines 1.142-143) and â€Å"†¦the woman who strengthens her body and exercises her mind will, by managing her family and practicing various, become the friend, and not the humble dependent of her husband†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (lines 1.145-147) Rational and independent thinking will help women in their endeavor for equality, and Wollstonecraft was an excellent example of that.

Illinois and Audience Essay

In the start of President Obama’s speech, he starts out by using the term Anaphora†Hello, Colorado! (Applause.) Thank you! Are you fired up? Are you ready to go? (Applause.) Are you fired up?† This helps him to get the audience ready for his speech, and it creates a good atmosphere which also helps him to make a great speech In his speech Barak Obama uses a lot of pathos laden phrases to help him engage his audience and persuade them to agree with him. We see this in his speech when he introduces some good friends â€Å"We’ve got some good friends here today. You’ve got your outstanding governor, John Hickenlooper†¦And all of you are here, which makes me excited.†This is an example of pathos because, Barak Obama appeals to the audience emotions by referring to other important political people who is from Denver, and by finishing up his sentence by saying that the audience makes him exited. By evoking this sentiment in his audience, Obama manages to get the audience going, and ready to hear more of what Obama has to say. Which is a very important why to start off, because then he knows that the audience is listing to him. We also see this in his speech when he starts to talk about Romney’s politics† It turns out it’s not a five-point plan Governor Romney has got, it’s a one-point plan†¦ And we’ve been working for four years to clean up this mess that these policies left behind.†This is an example of pathos because, when Obama talks about Governor Romney’s politics he tries to connect to the audience emotion, and he also tries to convince them that his politics is the right one. Obama thereby achieves to get his audience to agree with him, when he criticizes Governor Romney’s politics. He succeeds in doing it, when he tells about that Romney has a five point plan, when it’s only a one which they already tr ied before Obama took office. And that plan took America into the worst economic crises since the Great Depression. In his speech Obama uses logos by appealing to the audience sense. We see this in his speech when he talks about voting† Don’t boo — vote. (Applause.) Vote. That’s the way to show your opinion, is to vote† This is a clear example of logos because he clearly appeals to the sense of the audience. By appealing to the sense of the audience, Obama succeeds in getting his message out; that it is important that you vote, instead of just complaining about the other parties view. He is telling that the only way you can get your opinion out, is to vote. A little later in Obama’s speech, he appeals to the audience sense again, we see this in his speech when he talks about the symptoms of romnesia, and tells what the cure is.†But, Denver, I want you to know this: If you feel any symptoms coming on†¦ There’s a cure, Colorado, as long as you vote. (Applaus e.) There’s a cure.† This is an example of logos because; Obama is again appealing to the audience sense that they need to vote for him. By appealing to the audience Obama achieves, to make sure that they know that he is the cure for Romnesia. By the word Romnesia, Obama uses the term pun; this helps him to create a negative feeling of the work, when you compare it to his own healthcare package â€Å"Obamacare†, with this term he also uses a pun just in a positive way, which creates a good feeling about the word. But the most important part of this quote is, that he makes sure that the audience, see him as the cure. You can say that he is using logos and pathos in this quote, because he is also trying to reach out after the audience emotions. During president Obama’s speech he uses a lot of different terms, the two I have concentrated about is pathos and logos. I find these two terms very important, because it helps him construct a good flowing speech, while he also gets the audience or the ones watching it in TV to agree with him, that’s how he uses pathos. For the once who isn’t sure of what they are going to vote or if they are going to vote, here he uses logos to reach out to the sense audience and tries to help them decide on voting for him.

Dealing with a Uni-Polar World Essay

The world today is undeniably uni-polar which is in fact brought forth by years and decades of competition in the past among countries aiming for global dominance. Specifically, the most recent of such would be the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. While the use of military force or the presence of actual battles are apparently lacking throughout the aforesaid war, both the United States and the Soviet Union are evidently engaged in a contest concerning technological and economic aspects. Of course, throughout history, more violent wars have occurred for achieving greater dominance and expanding the reach of a nation’s control and influence. At present though, it is irrefutable that there only a single superpower exists throughout the world, the victor in the Cold War, which is the United States. However, while some may perceive this as an irrelevant matter to discuss, it is quite obvious that the presence of a single superpower amidst the ensuing process of globalization has a myriad of associated concerns and repercussions and thus change is needed. As noted beforehand, there are a number of issues involved in having only a single superpower today. To further expound upon the current global status of United States, it would be necessary to point out that its economy contributes to roughly one fourth of the global GNP. In effect, the United States may express its control and influence over international concerns through military, economic, and even implicit power. Having unparalleled military prowess allows the aforesaid nation to handle and be involved with global issues independently; however, a direct detrimental effect of such military capabilities and actions is that global views assume a stance that the United States merely desires other nations to follow its ways. As noted beforehand, aside from military powers, the United States may also express its dominance and control through economic might. In particular, aside from having manipulative potential in both the IMF and the World Bank, the United States may also prevent or limit trade with other countries. Not being able to establish economic ties with the United States or with American firms, which contributes to the largest portion of the global economy, would detrimentally affect nations. Lastly, implicit powers are also present as the American thought becomes the universal basis of perception and evaluation. Due to the unrivaled power of the United States and its evident capability to influence the outcome of global issues and concerns, other countries without such potential eventually succumb into state of powerlessness. As expected, powerlessness does not entail positive thoughts as terrorism and doubts regarding the course of globalization manifest as the most concerning repercussions of such. Hence, multilateral institutions have been established to alleviate if not complete resolve such problems involving various nations. Regardless of the appropriateness of the goals of such multilateral institutions to maintain order worldwide, doubts as to whether the aforesaid goals are achieved in an unbiased manner are existent. For example, the WTO, having leaders from affluent nations, is believed to be driven by the opinions of those from more capable nations as well as America. Similarly, the IMF is also branded in a negative manner as critics have noted an over generalized approach in resolving the concerns of highly diverse nations, leading to ineffective outcomes. Even the appropriateness or the rationale behind the act of giving loans to developing nations has become a basis for doubt and dispute. Possibly, a shift from being a uni-polar to a multi-polar world would be the most ideal solution to the aforesaid problems. As a matter of fact, while the United States is at present the only superpower in the world, it is undeniably that certain nations also hold the potential to reach such status. Specifically, the European Union, Japan, China, and the United Nations are among the countries considered to be most likely to become superpowers in the future. Regardless of such, while transitioning to a true multi-polar world would be beneficial, it is still impossible at present. Thus, the IMF have opted to take up the task of eliminating doubts and maintaining order internationally through the pursuit of aiding countries which are in need of financial support. A specific example of such would be the support given to Indonesia, Thailand, and Korea for endeavors focused upon achieving economic stability and establishing reforms. Furthermore, more than 30 billion US dollars have been allocated and spent for the aforesaid purposes which have been acquired through both multilateral and bilateral sources. IMF’s programs for developing countries, specifically in terms of structural reforms, encompassed means to lessen depreciation, enhance the financial system, eliminating economic aspects detrimental to financial growth, and establishing a proper fiscal policy. It is quite evident that while the formation of other superpowers in the future is indeed a possibility, it is still irrefutable that the United States is still at present the most notable nation across all international domains such as politics. In particular, American maintains economic dominance through the presence of materialism as well as consumerism which have been also known to positively affect the economy of other nations as the businesses thrive from meeting the demands of the population. Furthermore, economic stimulation through the aforesaid societal trend is also supported by the presence of free trade and democracy. Nonetheless, even though criticisms are present regarding the dominant mindset embodied in the American nation and its global impact, it would still be expectable that even the American public have been affected by an imperialistic manner of thinking; not providing a response to global concerns have become an unacceptable course of action to take for Americans. The role of the United States in resolving international concerns only highlight the lack of ability among regional authorities to accomplish such. Therefore, in order to ensure that globalization unfolds in its truest sense, multilateralism in without doubt vital.

Discuss the differing role of the therapeutic relationship in three Essay

Discuss the differing role of the therapeutic relationship in three different approaches to therapy - Essay Example g roles of the therapeutic relationship in three different approaches to therapy; namely, psychodynamic therapy, person-centered therapy, and systemic family therapy. Relevant theoretical concepts are included in the discussion, particularly how they are applied to practice. It also includes reflections on personal understanding of the topic as well as reaction to materials presented in the lectures. The psychodynamic therapy is a mainstream therapy that focuses on aspects of personality and is suited to problems that deal with personalities and current relationships (Holmes 2003). It is based on a multifaceted theory of human interaction and development and embraces all others of analytic nature. The approach undertaken in this therapy is one in which the therapist keeps his own personality out of the picture, which is considered a vital aspect, enabling him to play a â€Å"blank canvas† on whom clients can project deep feelings about themselves (ibid). The therapist is able to aid the client in understanding how personal disturbances affect him. The psychodynamic therapy is a long-term therapy that may go on for years since understanding what goes on inside the client takes a long period of time. In this paper, the role of psychodynamic therapy includes the following: Since psychodynamic therapy is a long-term therapy, the individual, through the help of the therapist, is able to view the things that affect his life and how largely it is affected. He helps in bringing to the surface an individual’s true feelings in order for a full understanding of the individual’s self. It is assumed that once one is aware of what really goes on in his mind; feelings about a painful experience will not come as painful. This is why the psychodynamic therapy’s role is to encourage patients unravel the real feelings playing up in their subconscious since through this unraveling, the client will be able to accept the painful experiences and their corresponding feelings. This